Forest Night Adder
( Lichtenstein's Night Adder )
- Causus lichtensteinii
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- Threat: dangerous
- Venom/Toxin: none
- Trend: stable

General Information
Forest Night Adder (Causus lichtensteinii) is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae.
The species is native to western, central, and eastern Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.
Description
Adults of C. lichtensteinii average 30–55 cm in total length (tail included), with a reported maximum of 70 cm.
The head is not very wide, and the snout is blunt. The eye is surrounded by a circumorbital ring of 5–7 scales. There are 6 supralabials and 9 sublabials. The temporals number 2+3 or sometimes 2+2, with the first and second upper temporals being as long together as the first lower one. Loreals: 1+1. Midbody there are 15 rows of weakly keeled dorsal scales that have a velvety texture. The anal scale is single. There are 128–152 ventral scales. The subcaudals number 18–22 in males and 17–19 in females.
The color pattern consists of a greenish or olive ground color overlaid with a series of dark narrow backward pointing chevrons running down the back. This pattern may be vague or developed fully into rhombic markings. The back of the neck has a characteristic white V-shape while the throat is black with yellow bands. Juvenile specimens are generally dark brown in color.
Fun Facts
Forest Night Adder is a venomous snake but little is known about the venom of C. lichtensteinii.
Ecology & Behaviour
C. lichtensteinii is diurnal and mostly terrestrial. However, it is a good swimmer and has even colonized certain islands in Lake Victoria. When disturbed it puts on a hissing and puffing threat display similar to other members of the genus.
Reproduction
C. lichtensteinii is oviparous. Clutch size is four to eight eggs.
Conservation
Listed as Least Concern because threats to this widespread snake are highly localized and the global population is considered to be stable.
Distribtion & Habitat
C. lichtensteinii is found from Guinea and Liberia eastward through Ghana to Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, south to northern Angola, DR Congo and northwestern Zambia, and east to Uganda and western Kenya.
As opposed to other members of its genus, C. lichtensteinii is mostly found in pristine rain forests with little light filtering down to the forest floor. It tends to be found near water in swampy areas. In the Atewa Range Forest Reserve in Ghana it has been found at altitudes of up to 670 m.
References
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- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Reptilia
- Order: Squamata
- Suborder: Serpentes
- Family: Viperidae
- Genus: Causus
- Length: up to 70 cm